Peripheral Neuropathy Management Peripheral neuropathy is a condition caused by damage to the peripheral nerves, leading to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, burning pain, weakness, or loss of sensation—most commonly in the hands and feet. Effective management focuses on identifying the underlying cause, relieving symptoms, and preventing further nerve damage. Causes of Peripheral Neuropathy Diabetes (most common cause) Vitamin deficiencies (especially B12) Infections and autoimmune disorders Toxins, alcohol, and certain medications Genetic and metabolic conditions

Neuromuscular disorders are a group of conditions that affect the nerves controlling voluntary muscles, the muscles themselves, or the connection between nerves and muscles. These disorders can lead to muscle weakness, fatigue, cramps, and loss of muscle function, significantly impacting daily activities and quality of life. Types of Neuromuscular Disorders Peripheral neuropathies – Damage to peripheral nerves (e.g., diabetic neuropathy) Motor neuron diseases – Such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Muscle disorders (myopathies) – Including muscular dystrophies and inflammatory myopathies Neuromuscular junction disorders – Such as myasthenia gravis Inherited neuromuscular diseases – Genetic conditions affecting nerves or muscles Causes Neuromuscular disorders may be caused by: Genetic abnormalities Autoimmune diseases Metabolic and endocrine disorders Infections or toxins Medications and systemic illnesses

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological movement disorder that primarily affects movement control. It occurs due to the gradual loss of dopamine-producing nerve cells in a specific area of the brain, leading to characteristic motor and non-motor symptoms. Key Symptoms Parkinson’s disease typically presents with a combination of the following: Tremor at rest, often starting in one hand Bradykinesia (slowness of movement) Muscle rigidity Postural instability and balance problems In addition to movement-related symptoms, patients may experience non-motor symptoms such as sleep disturbances, constipation, mood changes, memory problems, and reduced sense of smell. Causes and Risk Factors The exact cause of Parkinson’s disease is unknown. Factors that may contribute include genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and aging.

Epilepsy management is a comprehensive, long-term approach aimed at controlling seizures, minimizing side effects, and improving the overall quality of life for individuals living with epilepsy. Effective management requires accurate diagnosis, individualized treatment, and regular follow-up under the care of a neurologist. Accurate Diagnosis Proper epilepsy management begins with confirming the diagnosis and identifying the seizure type and epilepsy syndrome. This involves: Detailed medical history and seizure description Neurological examination EEG and video EEG monitoring Brain imaging (MRI) to detect structural causes Medical Treatment Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are the mainstay of epilepsy treatment. The choice of medication depends on seizure type, age, comorbid conditions, and lifestyle factors. The goal is to achieve complete seizure control with minimal side effects.